In some phases of information gathering. Pentester do require to scan some of the IP addresses that are most commonly used. As per ethical hacking researcher if International Institute of Cyber Security, scanning is the most important phase of penetration testing. The most common addresses can be of routers or search engines. These common scan are used to check normal activities that how target is using the internet. There are many popular tools like nmap (network mapper) which scans open ports and IP addresses. But today we are talking about Masscan.
According to ethical hacking researcher of international institute of cyber security masscan do helps in scanning phases of pentesting/ VAPT.
Masscan is a tool which scans internet in very short time. It uses asynchronous scanning similar as to nmap. This tool uses custom ports or IPs to scan target. Masscan is the fastest tool to scan for open ports. For showing you, we have tested on Kali Linux 2018.4 in vmware. We will be scanning local IP addresses, whole country IP’s and will show packet analysis in wireshark, to check how the Masscan is noisy on network.
Scanning Local Networks :-
- Here we have created an local network on 3 computers to show you how masscan scan packets. For creating local network.
- 192.168.1.20 & 192.168.1.22 both are the target machine, both are running on windows platform. And attacking machine is the Kali Linux 2018.4
Steps to configure your Virtual Machines IP’s
- For assigning static IP addresses, go to Control Panel/ Network and Internet/ Network Connections.
- Go to local area connection properties. Go to IPv4 connection. Enter IP 192.168.1.20
- Replicate above process with another computer type IP 192.168.1.22
- After creating local network. You can check by pinging to both IP addresses. Open cmd in both computers and type ping 192.168.1.20 and to another computer ping 192.168.1.22
- Now to make ping from Kali Linux you have to create virtual network in the vmware.
- Go to Kali Linux network settings enter static IP. Go to wifi settings select manual type 192.168.1.23 in IPv4 and enter subnet mask 255.255.255.0
- Go to virtual network editor of vmware in windows.
- Select the network editor as shown below. Remember to select appropriate settings.
- As shown above click on Vmnet0 and select network interface card.
- Then click on Vmnet8 and select local ethernet
- Click on apply and ok
- After assigning Then go to Kali Vmware settings and open network settings. Select the virtual network adapter
Moving to installing MASSCAN on KALI
- After assigning static IP addresses to target computers and Kali Linux install required library in Kali Linux before using masscan.
- Type sudo apt-get install git gcc make libpcap-dev in Kali Linux terminal.
root@kali:/home/iicybersecurity/Downloads/masscan# sudo apt-get install git gcc make libpcap-dev
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
make is already the newest version (4.2.1-1.2).
make set to manually installed.
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
php7.2
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following additional packages will be installed:
cpp cpp-8 g++ g++-8 gcc-8 gcc-8-base git-man lib32gcc1 lib32stdc++6 libasan5 libatomic1 libcc1-0 libgcc-8-dev libgcc1 libgfortran5
libgomp1 libitm1 liblsan0 libmpx2 libobjc-8-dev libobjc4 libpcap0.8-dev libquadmath0 libstdc++-8-dev libstdc++6 libtsan0 libubsan1
Suggested packages:
cpp-doc gcc-8-locales g++-multilib g++-8-multilib gcc-8-doc libstdc++6-8-dbg gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool bison gcc-doc
gcc-8-multilib libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan5-dbg liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan1-dbg
libmpx2-dbg libquadmath0-dbg git-daemon-run | git-daemon-sysvinit git-doc git-el git-email git-gui gitk gitweb git-cvs
git-mediawiki git-svn libstdc++-8-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libpcap-dev libpcap0.8-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
cpp cpp-8 g++ g++-8 gcc gcc-8 gcc-8-base git git-man lib32gcc1 lib32stdc++6 libasan5 libatomic1 libcc1-0 libgcc-8-dev libgcc1
libgfortran5 libgomp1 libitm1 liblsan0 libmpx2 libobjc-8-dev libobjc4 libquadmath0 libstdc++-8-dev libstdc++6 libtsan0 libubsan1
28 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1094 not upgraded.
Need to get 266 kB/37.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 2,753 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 https://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/Linux/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libpcap0.8-dev amd64 1.8.1-6 [240 kB]
Get:2 https://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/Linux/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libpcap-dev amd64 1.8.1-6 [25.9 kB]
Fetched 266 kB in 9s (28.6 kB/s)
Reading changelogs… Done
(Reading database … 342760 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/0-libquadmath0_8.2.0-13_amd64.deb …
Unpacking libquadmath0:amd64 (8.2.0-13) over (8.2.0-7) …
Preparing to unpack …/1-libubsan1_8.2.0-13_amd64.deb …
-------------------------------SNIP------------------------------
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Unpacking gcc-8-base:amd64 (8.2.0-13) over (8.2.0-7) …
Setting up gcc-8-base:amd64 (8.2.0-13) …
(Reading database … 342760 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/libstdc++6_8.2.0-13_amd64.deb …
Unpacking libstdc++6:amd64 (8.2.0-13) over (8.2.0-7) …
Setting up libstdc++6:amd64 (8.2.0-13) …
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Unpacking git-man (1:2.20.1-1) over (1:2.19.1-1) …
- Type git clone https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan.git
root@kali:/home/iicybersecurity/Downloads# git clone https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan.git
Cloning into 'masscan'…
remote: Enumerating objects: 20, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (20/20), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (16/16), done.
remote: Total 4101 (delta 6), reused 8 (delta 4), pack-reused 4081
Receiving objects: 100% (4101/4101), 2.56 MiB | 17.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (2778/2778), done.
- Then type cd masscan
- Type make and then make install
root@kali:/home/iicybersecurity/Downloads/masscan# make
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/crypto-base64.c -o tmp/crypto-base64.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/crypto-blackrock2.c -o tmp/crypto-blackrock2.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/event-timeout.c -o tmp/event-timeout.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/in-binary.c -o tmp/in-binary.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/in-filter.c -o tmp/in-filter.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/in-report.c -o tmp/in-report.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/logger.c -o tmp/logger.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/main-conf.c -o tmp/main-conf.o -DGIT=\"1.0.5-51-g6c15edc\"
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/main-dedup.c -o tmp/main-dedup.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/main-initadapter.c -o tmp/main-initadapter.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/main-listscan.c -o tmp/main-listscan.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/main-ptrace.c -o tmp/main-ptrace.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/main-readrange.c -o tmp/main-readrange.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/main-src.c -o tmp/main-src.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/main-status.c -o tmp/main-status.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/main-throttle.c -o tmp/main-throttle.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/main.c -o tmp/main.o
src/main.c:282:24: warning: passing 'const struct RangeList *' to parameter of type 'struct RangeList *' discards qualifiers
[-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
rangelist_sort(&masscan->targets);
---------------------------SNIP---------------------------------
src/ranges.h:200:34: note: passing argument to parameter 'targets' here
rangelist_sort(struct RangeList *targets);
^
src/main.c:284:24: warning: passing 'const struct RangeList *' to parameter of type 'struct RangeList *' discards qualifiers
[-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
rangelist_sort(&masscan->ports);
^~~~~~~
src/ranges.h:200:34: note: passing argument to parameter 'targets' here
rangelist_sort(struct RangeList *targets);
^
2 warnings generated.
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/masscan-app.c -o tmp/masscan-app.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/out-binary.c -o tmp/out-binary.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/out-certs.c -o tmp/out-certs.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/out-grepable.c -o tmp/out-grepable.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/out-json.c -o tmp/out-json.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/out-ndjson.c -o tmp/out-ndjson.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/out-null.c -o tmp/out-null.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/out-redis.c -o tmp/out-redis.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/out-tcp-services.c -o tmp/out-tcp-services.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/out-text.c -o tmp/out-text.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/out-unicornscan.c -o tmp/out-unicornscan.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/out-xml.c -o tmp/out-xml.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/output.c -o tmp/output.o
clang -g -ggdb -Wall -O3 -c src/pixie-backtrace.c -o tmp/pixie-backtrace.o
- Type masscan
root@kali:/home/iicybersecurity/Downloads/masscan# masscan
usage:
masscan -p80,8000-8100 10.0.0.0/8 --rate=10000
scan some web ports on 10.x.x.x at 10kpps
masscan --nmap
list those options that are compatible with nmap
masscan -p80 10.0.0.0/8 --banners -oB
save results of scan in binary format to
masscan --open --banners --readscan -oX
read binary scan results in and save them as xml in
- Type masscan to view the help menu.
- Start Wireshark in Kali Linux or host machine and select netwok interface and see the packet analyzing.
- If wireshark is not installed in Kali Linux. Install wireshark from https://packages.qa.debian.org/w/wireshark.html and for windows go to https://www.wireshark.org/download.html
Scanning Target Computers :-
- For scanning type masscan -p0-1000 192.168.1.20 –router-mac <enter mac address>
- 192.168.1.20 is the target computer.
- For knowing mac address open cmd type getmac in target computers.
- -p is used to enter port. You can give an port range -p0-5000 or you can specify and ports of your choice.
- –router-mac is used to enter mac addresses of the target.
root@kali:/home/iicybersecurity# masscan -p0-1000 192.168.1.20 --router-mac <enter mac addresses>
Starting masscan 1.0.6 (https://bit.ly/14GZzcT) at 2019-01-10 12:03:11 GMT
-- forced options: -sS -Pn -n --randomize-hosts -v --send-eth
Initiating SYN Stealth Scan
Scanning 1 hosts [1001 ports/host]
Discovered open port 443/tcp on 192.168.1.20
Discovered open port 135/tcp on 192.168.1.20
Discovered open port 912/tcp on 192.168.1.20
Discovered open port 139/tcp on 192.168.1.20
Discovered open port 445/tcp on 192.168.1.20
Discovered open port 902/tcp on 192.168.1.20
- After running above query, masscan shows list of open ports in the target operating system. If you start wireshark in target machine 192.168.1.20 you can see no. of packets retrieving from attacker 192.168.1.5 machine as shown below.
- The above screenshot shows TCP packet transfer of each packet. The above information can be used in other hacking activities.
- Type masscan -p0-1000 192.168.1.22 –router-mac <enter mac address>
- 192.168.1.22 is the target computer.
- For knowing mac address open cmd type getmac
- -p is used to enter port. You can give an port range -p0-1000 or you can specify and ports of your choice.
- –router-mac is used to enter mac addresses of the target.
root@kali:/home/iicybersecurity# masscan -p0-1000 192.168.1.22 --router-mac <enter mac address>
Starting masscan 1.0.6 (https://bit.ly/14GZzcT) at 2019-01-10 12:21:21 GMT
-- forced options: -sS -Pn -n --randomize-hosts -v --send-eth
Initiating SYN Stealth Scan
Scanning 1 hosts [1001 ports/host]
Discovered open port 135/tcp on 192.168.1.22
Discovered open port 445/tcp on 192.168.1.22
Discovered open port 139/tcp on 192.168.1.22
- After running above query, masscan shows list of ports that are open in the target operating system. The above list can be used to make scenario for attacking further.
- If you start wireshark in target machine 192.168.1.22 you can see no. of packets retrieving from attacker 192.168.1.5 machine as shown below.
- The above screenshot shows TCP packet transfer of each packet. As it showing 3-Way handshaking.
- The above information can be used in other hacking activities.
Scanning Vulnerable IP addresses :-
- There are many sources where you can use tool for testing. Next we have used OWASP iso for scanning open ports.
- Owasp iso is most popular for testing your hacking skills.
- For downloading iso go to https://sourceforge.net/projects/owaspbwa/
- After downloading the owasp iso. Open iso in vmware. Simply start iso.
- After starting iso, you will see your IP address as shown below.
- Enter the IP 192.168.1.10 in web browser to check if iso working as shown below.
- As you can see, iso is working.
- Now for scanning above IP address type masscan -p0-8000 192.168.1.10
- -p is used to enter port ranges.
- Then type IP address.
root@kali:/home/iicybersecurity# masscan -p0-8000 192.168.1.10
Starting masscan 1.0.6 (https://bit.ly/14GZzcT) at 2019-01-10 18:11:29 GMT
-- forced options: -sS -Pn -n --randomize-hosts -v --send-eth
Initiating SYN Stealth Scan
Scanning 1 hosts [8001 ports/host]
Discovered open port 445/tcp on 192.168.1.10
Discovered open port 443/tcp on 192.168.1.10
Discovered open port 143/tcp on 192.168.1.10
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 192.168.1.10
Discovered open port 139/tcp on 192.168.1.10
Discovered open port 5001/tcp on 192.168.1.10
Discovered open port 22/tcp on 192.168.1.10
- The above query shows open ports of the target IP address. The above information can be used in other hacking activities.
As explained in the ethical hacking course of International Institute of Cyber Security, scanning any random IP with large no, of ports may slow the Kali Linux. Use only limited ports. Or give any short port range. Do not scan any public IP. Your Linux Distros may got hang. If you scan large no. of ports, your ISP may blocks you as large no. of request is send to public IP. Sending Large no. packets may slow the internet.
Analyzing Countries IP Ranges :-
- Masscan can scan with different IP ranges & different ports. Here we have taken China country IP ranges. For IP ranges go to : https://lite.ip2location.com/china-ip-address-ranges
- Type masscan -v -sS 43.225.84.0-43.225.87.255 -p0-100
- -v is used to increase verbosity level.
- 17.50.48.0-17.50.55.255 is ip range used in scanning.
- -sS is used to make TCP syn scan always on.
- -p is used to port ranges. we have used -p0-100
root@kali:~/Downloads/masscan# masscan -v -sS 43.225.84.0-43.225.87.255 -p0-100
Starting masscan 1.0.4 (https://bit.ly/14GZzcT) at 2019-04-10 05:28:06 GMT
-- forced options: -sS -Pn -n --randomize-hosts -v --send-eth
Initiating SYN Stealth Scan
Scanning 1024 hosts [101 ports/host]
THREAD: status: starting thread
THREAD: xmit: starting thread #0 0:00:00 remaining, found=0
maxrate = 100.00
THREAD: recv: starting thread #0
THREAD: recv: starting main loop
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.113
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.45
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.51
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.31
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.39
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.81
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.34
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.104
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.63
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.22
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.195
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.78
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.65
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.69
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.162
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.70
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.133
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.157
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.118
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.55
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.200
-----------------------------SNIP---------------------------------
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.163
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.201
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.109
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.59
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.28
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.24
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.160
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.54
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.198
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.187
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.77
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.120
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 43.225.87.72
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.83
Discovered open port 53/tcp on 43.225.87.194
- The above query shows initialization SYN scan, ranging port from 0-100. Thread started from default gateway with maxrate of packets. Here 100 packets are sending by default. You can also send large no. of packets to scan IP ranges.
- Meanwhile we have also try to send large no. of packets, after sending large of packets our internet got stuck. Network provider may block your IP address mentions the ethical hacking professor.
- For sending large no. of packets you need Intel 10-gbps Ethernet adapter & special driver called PF RING ZC. Download driver from : https://www.ntop.org/products/packet-capture/pf_ring/pf_ring-zc-zero-copy/
- While scanning with given IP ranges. Masscan has found port 80,53 opened in the IP ranges. Port 53 is used for zone transfers (used in dns enumeration) which can be bypassed by sending UDP packets with port equal to 53.
- While scanning with nmap, it didn’t run with this IP address.
- Type nmap -v 43.225.84.0/255
- -v is used to increase verbosity level.
root@kali:~# nmap -v 43.225.84.0/255
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-04-10 05:45 UTC
Illegal netmask in "43.225.84.0/255". Assuming /32 (one host)
Initiating Ping Scan at 05:45
Scanning 43.225.84.0 [4 ports]
Completed Ping Scan at 05:45, 3.04s elapsed (1 total hosts)
Nmap scan report for 43.225.84.0 [host down]
Read data files from: /usr/bin/../share/nmap
Note: Host seems down. If it is really up, but blocking our ping probes, try -Pn
Nmap done: 1 IP address (0 hosts up) scanned in 3.13 seconds
Raw packets sent: 8 (304B) | Rcvd: 0 (0B)
- Nmap doesn’t scan as we have to use NMAP with -Pn option, as ping might be blocked explains the ethical hacking professor. So overall MASSCAN is relativelvy faster then NMAP any of the host because target IP address range blocking port scanner. But in masscan whole ip range was scanning because masscan has its own TCP/IP stack. While nmap is build on common networking protocols.
Cyber Security Researcher. Information security specialist, currently working as risk infrastructure specialist & investigator. He is a cyber-security researcher with over 25 years of experience. He has served with the Intelligence Agency as a Senior Intelligence Officer. He has also worked with Google and Citrix in development of cyber security solutions. He has aided the government and many federal agencies in thwarting many cyber crimes. He has been writing for us in his free time since last 5 years.
